Lesson plan : closing conversation

LESSON PLAN SAMPLE
Speaking as Interaction

Grade level : College freshman
Level : Beginner
Subject : Speaking (closing conversation, small talk, turn taking, and interruption)
Student Numb : Expected maximum 20 students
Materials : Guiding lessons, whiteboard and board markers.
Time : Approximately 85 minutes.

CLOSING CONVERSATION
Pre Speaking Stage (approximately 40 minutes):
STEP 01
Make the students know the lesson plan to teach, also explain the importance of learning the lesson and some important things about it. Next, give sufficient description about the lesson; make sure that they understand. Here is the sample of the lesson description:
Well students, today’s lesson is Closing a conversation, but first of all, it is important that you know:

“How to close a conversation”

Teacher will explain about The first thing that you should dothat is prepare to close a conversation; then "say good-bye."

1. Know if it's even the right time to close a conversation.-- If some people find it difficult to start a conversation and others find problems keeping it going, it can also be difficult to close a conversation so you can either move to another topic or move away to talk with someone else. Closing down a conversation can also seem like bad manners. To interrupt and walk away from somebody might make you wonder if they will think badly of you for this terrible social act. In practice, if you do it well, you will only leave them with a warm glow.
2. Joining group or people-- You can also ease the closing of a conversation by only joining groups of people, rather than going up to individuals standing alone. This makes it easier to excuse yourself and move on.
3. Several thing that possibility you do to close a conversation:
• Be negative: Be generally negative and poor company.
• Body pointing: Pointing your body away from the other person.
• Caught short: Say you need to go to the toilet.
• Closed questions: Create short answers.
• Declare completion: Say that the conversation is ended.
• Excuse yourself: Just excuse yourself and leave.
• Feign ignorance: Be unable to answer their questions.
• Introduce a friend: So you can excuse yourself.
• Out of time: Have another appointment.
• Phone calls: Use the phone to call you away.
• Procrastinating: Putting discussion off to another time.
• Short answers: That give no reason to extend.
• Slow down: De-accelerate to a standstill.
• Spot a friend: Wave to a friend and go to see them.
• Summarize: Describe the essence of what has been said.

STEP 02
To generate students’ interest in the lesson, Show some expressions that the students need for further practice on the lesson. These expressions will easily lead your students practicing your lesson in a group activity.
Well, let’s now move on learning another important part of this lesson that is to learn:

“The Most Useful English Expressions to close a Conversation”
Before a conversation is closed, there are a lot of problem how to make our talking partners understand that you want to close the conversation.
Ok, students. Conversations can open up a whole new universe of opportunities which is for relationships, for bussines, for anything and everything. These expression below will help you easily to connect more with strangers/other people.

Pre-closing
-It's been nice talking to you. -It's been great talking with you.
-I really enjoyed meeting you. -It was nice meeting you, Mr. Dark.
I'm sorry, but I have to go now. -I'm afraid I have to leave now.
-Thanks for the information/ the tour/ your time. -Thanks for taking the time to talk with us.
Follow up
-I'll give you a call. -I'll send you an e-mail.
-I'll put a packet in the mail for you. -We'll send out that information right away.
.-Could you send me some more information? -Could I contact you by e-mail/at your office?
-How do I get in touch with you? -How can I reach/contact you?
Closing conversation expressions
-I look forward to seeing you again. -We'll see you on Friday.
-Let me give you my business card. -Here's my e-mail/office number.
-Let's keep in touch by e-mail. -We'll be in touch.
-Call me if you have any questions.
Farewell
-Good bye/bye/bye-bye. -See you next time.
-See you later/See you again/See you soon. -God bless you.
-I wish you good luck. -Good luck.
-Have a nice day! -Have a good day.
-Be well there. -Take care.
-Catch you later. -So long.
While Speaking Stage (approximately 15 minutes):
STEP 01

The class is broken up into several small groups. Each group consists of at least two students and is give cards according to the number of group members. The card contains a situation and questions needed to practice the expressions of conversation openings.

Well, students, you already learn conversation opening expressions; let’s now start practicing them to find out how well you can use the expressions by participating in the group activity.

Speaking Situation :
How to close conversation, with your schoolmate.
A: Well, it's nice to talking with you!
B: Oh ya, It's nice to talking with you, too!
A: How do i get in touch with you?
B: You can send me an e-mail. Here's my e-mail, android@hotmail.com.
A: I'll send you an e-mail.
B: Ok, I look forward to seeing you again.
A: Me, too. See you soon. Good bye!
B: Good bye!

STEP 02
The students remain in their groups and talk about some comprehension questions related to the lesson. It is possible to add some questions to make the activity more interesting. Just like what exemplified above. The students involved in each group must play role in turn as the foreigner who has to answer all the addressed questions.

STEP 03
The teacher needs to show the students who will serve as a foreigner answering the questions. It is better to make the students exactly know the answers in preparation for the speaking activity.

Post Speaking Stage (approximately 15 minutes):
1. The student give their comment about their performance.
2. Quiz (games)
3. Write a conversation dialog including closing conversation.


SMALL TALK
Pre Speaking Stage (approximately 40 minutes):
STEP 01
Students know the lesson you plan to teach, also explain the importance of learning the lesson and some important things about it. Next, you must give sufficient description about the lesson; make sure that they understand things you explain before them. Here is the sample of the lesson description:
Well students, today’s lesson is small talk in a conversation, but first of all, it is important that you know:

“How to begin a small talk”

In most English-speaking countries, it is normal and necessary to make "small talk" in certain situations. Small talk is a casual form of conversation that "breaks the ice" or fills an awkward silence between people. Even though you may feel shy using your second language, it is sometimes considered rude to say nothing. Just as there are certain times when small talk is appropriate, there are also certain topics that people often discuss during these moments.
Begin a small talk
Be the first to say "hello." If you're not sure the other person will remember you, offer your name to ease the pressure. Smile first and always shake hands when you meet someone. When want to making a conversation to the stranger the first is Taking your time to introductions. Stay focused on your conversational partner by actively listening and giving feedback. Maintain eye contact. Never glance around the room while they are talking to you. Listen more than you talk.
Have something interesting to contribute. Keeping abreast of current events and culture will provide you with great conversation builders, leading with "What do you think of...?" Have you heard...?" What is your take on...?" Stay away from negative or controversial topics, and refrain from long-winded stories or giving a lot of detail in casual conversation.
For example:
Amira: "Andrio subagjo? Amira... good to see you again."
Andrio Subagjo “Oh, nice to see you too, Amira”.

STEP 02
To generate students’ interest in the lesson, you need to show some expressions that the students need for further practice on the lesson. These expressions will easily lead your students practicing your lesson in a group activity.
Well, let’s now move on learning another important part of this lesson that is to learn:

“The Most Useful English Small Talk Expressions ”

Conversations can open up a whole new universe of opportunities...for relationships, for business, for anything and everything. Unfortunately, for some people, starting a conversation is a little difficult, especially when the conversation should be in English and one is not a native speaker of the said language.
Students these several small talk expressions:

Talking about the weather
* Beautiful day, isn't it?
* Can you believe all of this rain we've been having?
* It looks like it's going to snow.
* It sure would be nice to be in Hawaii right about now.
* I hear they're calling for thunderstorms all weekend.
* We couldn't ask for a nicer day, could we?
* How about this weather?
* Did you order this sunshine?
Talking about current events
* Did you catch the news today?
* Did you hear about that fire on north Soreang?
* What do you think about tsunami in Mentawai?
* I read in the paper today that the Nokia will release new product.
* I heard on the radio today that they are finally going to start building the new bridge.
* How about those Indonesian soccer team? Do you think they're going to win tonight?
Waiting somewhere
* I didn't think it would be so busy today.
* You look like you've got your hands full (with children or goods).
* The bus must be running late today.
* It looks like we are going to be here a while, huh?
* I'll have to remember not to come here on Mondays.
* How long have you been waiting?

While Speaking Stage (approximately 20 minutes):

STEP 01

The class is broken up into several small groups. Each group consists of at least two students and is give cards according to the number of group members. The card contains a situation and questions needed to practice the expressions of conversation openings.

Well, students, you already learn small talk expressions; let’s now start practicing them to find out how well you can use the expressions by participating in the group activity.
Speaking Situation:
In this conversation, we initiated the conversation and talked about the other person. However, sometimes you will not have anything to talk about. In order to keep the conversation alive, you should think about topics such as your favourite singer.
A: Good morning, Irfan !
B: Good morning, Nelsy.
A: How are you doing?
B: Very well, thanks. What about you?
A: Not so bad. I read in my e-mail today that Taio cruz's new song will release soon.
B: Yes, i've ever watched in TV.
A: I'm very excited to hear that.
B: Me too, i'm really curious about his new song.

STEP 02

The teacher needs to show the students who will serve as a foreigner answering the questions. It is better to make the students exactly know the answers in preparation for the speaking activity.

Post Speaking Stage (approximately 25 minutes):

1. Quiz (the teacher is provided several question maximum 15 questions)
2. The student is broken up into small group consist of a couple to make a small talk dialog and write down what they understand after learning about small talk.


TURN TAKING
Pre-Speaking Stage (approximately 45 minutes):
STEP 01
Let students know the lesson you plan to teach, also explain the importance of learning the lesson and some important things about it. Next, you must give sufficient description about the lesson; make sure that they understand things you explain before them. Here is the sample of the lesson description:
Well students, today’s lesson is turn taking, but first of all, it is important that you know:

“What is turn taking and how to use it”

People take turns in natural conversation in the same basic way in all languages, or the turn-taking system vary in each language. Their study Turn taking in conversation is universal.
1. Avoid silence and overlap --Turn-taking in conversation is guided by two main rules: avoid speaking at the same time and avoid silence between turns. The same factors explaining when silence occurs in turn taking are at work in all languages - cooperative responses are faster than uncooperative ones. What we found was that in every language speakers follow these two basic rules, In each language most responses were very close to no gap and overlap. And silence seemed to mean the same thing across different cultures as well: people take longer to respond when they are failing to give a definite answer or when they are disconfirming something. They also take longer if their response is only talk, or if the questioner isn't looking at them. If the questioner is looking at them and if the recipient uses a head nod or shake, then the response is more likely to be earlier.
2. Taking the floor -- The first time in which the speaker or speakers then took their turn to speak. Types of taking the floor are Starting up (started the conversation) can be done with doubts (hesitant start) or clear speech (clean start). Still, the important thing is what makes us human and how it is that we can communicate with each other even without a common language. Turn taking rules are part of a collection of rules or norms that guide our behaviour. So, it may not be universals of grammar that hold us together, but rather universals of social interaction.
3. Taking over is take the turn to speak. Interruptions is took over the turn to speak because speakers who will take turns talking feel that the messages need to be addressed by previous speakers is enough to turn talk to be taken over by the next speaker. Overlap, which is further predicted that speakers of the previous speakers would be announced soon turn to speak to the next speaker, so he took a turn to speak. Holding the floor, is the time where the speakers are utterance speech, and how speakers maintain a turn speaking. Yielding the floor that is the time where the speakers give a turn to speak to the next speaker.



STEP 02
To generate students’ interest in the lesson, you need to show some expressions that the students need for further practice on the lesson. These expressions will easily lead your students practicing your lesson in a group activity.
Well, let’s now move on learning another important part of this lesson that is to learn:

“Turn taking in conversation”
A: taking the floor: starting up I'm little bit confuse
B: overlap: well, you just finish your homework. holding the floor: I mean you should finish your homework first and we'll continue to visit your grandmother. yielding the floor: how about my idea?
A: taking over: uhm, it's sounds good.
B: taking over: uhm!

While Speaking Stage (approximately 25 minutes):

STEP 01

The class is broken up into several small groups. Each group consists of at least two students and is give cards according to the number of group members.

Well, students, you already learn what is turn taking; let’s now start practicing them to find out how well you can use the expressions by participating in the group activity.
The students will practice about how to taking the floor include starting up and how to taking over include overlap, holding the floor, yielding the floor and interruptions (without concept).
Post Speaking Stage (approximately 15 minutes):
The teacher make the students exactly know what is turn taking theory and the teacher also check and try to correct what are the students mistaken when they practice last.

INTERRUPT

Pre Speaking Stage (approximately 35 minutes):
STEP 01
Let students know the lesson you plan to teach, also explain the importance of learning the lesson and some important things about it. Next, you must give sufficient description about the lesson; make sure that they understand things you explain before them. Here is the sample of the lesson description:
Well students, today’s lesson is interrupt in a conversation, but first of all, it is important that you know:

“How to interrupt politely”

It happens all day, every day. We experience it at home and at campus. One person talking over the other person. Not letting people finish what they were saying. Interrupting can cause a whole stream of problems and challenges. It reduces our effectiveness as a listener, negatively impacts relationships, shuts down communication, reduces our ability to learn and much more.
1. Interrupt the conversation by politely saying, "Please excuse me" and then on to your announcement. Be sure this is a very important statement that cannot wait until the conversation reaches a lull.
2. Signal your friend that you need to interrupt. You can politely do this by smiling and looking directly into the speaker's eyes. The speaker will stop to give you a chance to speak.
3. Clear your throat. Keep eye contact with the speaker. Politely, begin to speak. Make your announcement short and to the point so that your friends can get back to their chat quickly.
4. Respond to something the speaker is saying when he pauses to take a breath. Interrupt politely this way, by keeping your statement on topic. Then transition to whatever your message is about.
5. Join the people who are having the conversation you need to interrupt. Listen politely. Keep eye contact with the speaker. The speaker will stop talking and recognize you need to say something.
6. Acknowledge the speaker by giving him your undivided attention. Let him finish his thought. Then politely ask if you may interrupt the conversation with an important announcement.


STEP 02
To generate students’ interest in the lesson, you need to show some expressions that the students need for further practice on the lesson. These expressions will easily lead your students practicing your lesson in a group activity.
Well, let’s now move on learning another important part of this lesson that is to learn:

“The Most Useful English Expressions to interrupt a Conversation”

When you want to stop someone interrupting, don’t pause for too long, don’t lower your voice, and (if you want) you can refuse to be interrupted. You can use the following phrases to interrupt politely:
-Actually,… -Excuse me…
-I’m sorry, but… -I just want to say…
-May I interrupt here? -Do you mind if I say something?
You can use this expressions when someone interrupt when you while talking.
-"May I just finish?" -"Can I finish? / Let me finish."
-"Hear me out." (impolite expressions) -"I haven't finished yet."
-"Just a second” -"Hold on just a second."
-"May I please finish" - "Please don't interrupt me while I'm talking"?
Also, you can say the same expression when someone interrupts another person.
-"Let him finish." -"Hear him out." (impolite expressions)
-"He hasn't finished yet." -"Don't interrupt him while he was talking."

While Speaking Stage (approximately 35 minutes):

STEP 01

The class is broken up into several small groups. Each group consists of at least two students and is give cards according to the number of group members.

Well, students, you already learn interrupt expressions; let’s now start practicing them to find out how well you can use the expressions by participating in the group activity.
Speaking Situation :
There are dialogues to practice politely interrupting.
"Interrupting a Supervisor at the Office"
Jose: (Knocks) Excuse me, I’m sorry to bother you but I have a quick question.
Fatiha: (Typing) Yes, umm, just a minute. Let me finish this email. Ok, what’s up?
Jose: We just got our order in for eggshell gloss paint but they didn’t send us the correct amount. I called them to ask about it and they said the purchase order listed 80 gallons and not 100. Could you approve this additional P.O. for 20 more gallons? They said they’d give it to us at the agreed upon price.
Fatiha: Fine, ah give it to me. Here. Ok, yes.
Jose: Thanks
Fatiha: No Problem.
"Interrupting a Guest"
Husband: Honey, where is the pool?
Wife: I think they said the pool was on the 6th floor. We can go there to check it out first before we go down to breakfast.
Elizabeth: Excuse me, I couldn’t help overhearing you. The pool is on the fifth floor and when you get off the elevator it’s to your right.
Husband: Oh, thank you.
Wife: Yes, thank you Miss.

STEP 02

The students remain in their groups and talk about some comprehension questions related to the lesson. It is possible to add some questions to make the activity more interesting. Just like what exemplified above. The students involved in each group must play role in turn as the foreigner who has to answer all the addressed questions.

Post Speaking Stage (approximately 10 minutes):
The teacher concludes after the students practice in the front of class.